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- <text id=93CT1631>
- <title>
- Bahamas, The--History
- </title>
- <history>
- Compact ALMANAC--CIA Factbook
- Caribbean
- The Bahamas
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>CIA World Factbook</source>
- <hdr>
- History
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Christopher Columbus discovered The Bahamas in 1492, when he
- first landed in the Western Hemisphere either on Samana Cay or
- San Salvador Island. Native Lucayan Indians were soon captured
- by Spanish slave traders. In 1647, the first permanent European
- settlement in The Bahamas was founded by the Eleutheran
- Adventurers, a group of English and Bermudan religious refugees
- who gave Eleuthera Island its name. Governments created by such
- groups continued until 1717, when the islands became a British
- crown colony.
- </p>
- <p> The first royal governor was Capt. Woodes Rogers, an
- ex-pirate who brought law and order to The Bahamas in 1718 by
- expelling the buccaneers who had used the islands as hideouts.
- During the American Civil War, The Bahamas prospered as a center
- of Confederate blockade-running. The islands served as a base
- for American prohibition rumrunners after World War I. World War
- II Allied flight training and antisubmarine operations in the
- Caribbean were centered in The Bahamas. Since the war, The
- Bahamas has become a major tourist and banking center.
- </p>
- <p> Bahamians achieved self-government through a series of
- constitutional and political steps, culminating in independence
- on July 10, 1973.
- </p>
- <p>Political Conditions
- </p>
- <p> The Bahamas is an independent member of the Commonwealth and
- a multiparty parliamentary democracy with regular elections. As
- a Commonwealth country, its political and legal traditions are
- similar to those of the United Kingdom. The British monarch is
- still recognized as the head of state, and an appointed governor
- general is the Queen's representative in The Bahamas. Laws under
- the 1973 Bahamian constitution are enacted by a bicameral
- parliament.
- </p>
- <p> The House of Assembly consists of 49 members elected from
- each constituency for 5-year terms. As under the British system,
- elections may be called at any time. The House performs all
- major legislative functions. The leader of the majority party
- serves as prime minister and head of government. The Cabinet,
- composed of the prime minister and at least nine other ministers
- of executive departments, is answerable to the House.
- </p>
- <p> The Senate is an appointive body with limited functions. It
- comprises 16 members appointed by the governor general, 9 on
- the advice of the prime minister, 4 at the recommendation of the
- leader of the opposition in the House, and 3 with the advice of
- the prime minister after consultations with the opposition
- leader.
- </p>
- <p> The Progressive Liberal Party (PLP), headed by Prime Minister
- Sir Lynden O. Pindling, controls The Bahamas' politically
- stable government. The PLP won 31 of the 49 parliamentary seats
- in the June 1987 general election.
- </p>
- <p> The PLP was formed in 1953 by blacks discontented with the
- policies of a group of white businessmen, the "Bay Street Boys,"
- who had controlled the political and economic life of The
- Bahamas for decades. The PLP first came to power in 1967. The
- "Bay Street Boys" have been replaced by the "Sunshine Group,"
- although the latter are not as prominent in the political arena.
- </p>
- <p> The Free National Movement (FNM) was created in 1971 by a
- coalition of the former members of the defunct, white-dominated
- United Bahamian Party and PLP dissidents. The FNM has 16 seats
- in the House of Assembly and is recognized officially as the
- opposition party.
- </p>
- <p> In December 1976, the parliamentary faction of the FNM
- officially established a separate party, the Bahamian Democratic
- Party (BDP). It won six seats in the 1977 elections but is now
- defunct. The only other party in The Bahamas is the
- left-of-center Vanguard Party, which carries no weight in
- Bahamian politics and has no representatives in parliament.
- </p>
- <p> The chief justice of the Supreme Court is appointed by the
- governor general on the advice of the prime minister and the
- leader of the opposition. Other justices are appointed by the
- governor general with the advice of a judicial commission.
- </p>
- <p> The Family Islands (all those other than New Providence) are
- administered internally by local commissioners appointed by the
- government and supervised from Nassau.
- </p>
- <p>Source: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs,
- April 1990.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-